As an AAC (Alternative Augmentative Communication) specialized Speech-Language Pathologist, I am often discussing ‘Access Methods’ with my clients and their families. This is a vital component of any AAC evaluation, ongoing dynamic assessment, and treatment. ‘Access’ in AAC refers to how an individual operates and ‘accesses’ their communication system. The chosen access method should be what is easiest for the specific individual considering their physical, vision, and sensory needs as well as preferences. In this blog post, I will cover some access methods to AAC on high-tech devices such as iPads and dedicated devices. Below are some access methods that I often consider with each client.
-Direct Select: In this method, the individual accesses their high tech device via directly touching the screen to select their message. This can be via a pointed index finger or open hand with the support of a keyguard.
-Eye gaze access: This is typically used on dedicated devices such as Tobii and Prentke Romich devices. In this method, the individual has been deemed to be most proficient in using eye movements over other physical movements. A specialized eye tracker is used to allow the individual to select messages with their eye movements.
-Head Pointing: Similar to eye gaze, specialized equipment must be used. The individual wears a reflective sticker on their forehead which controls the screen. Through small head movements, the individual can select messages on their high tech, dedicated AAC device
-Partner Assisted Scanning using wired switches: In this method, the individual affirms a message via activation of a switch (button) after listening to a list of choices from their high tech AAC system. Switch buttons can be placed in many positions using the individual’s most proficient physical movement. For example, switches can be placed at an individual’s cheek or chin, on a wheelchair tray, near their foot, etc. Scanning through messages on the AAC device can be done via a communication partner OR through automatic scanning. Automatic Scanning is a setting on AAC applications where the computer automatically moves through messages on the system.
-Two-step switch scanning: This access method is similar to partner assisted scanning but enables increased autonomy for the AAC user. With this access method, the AAC user is using two-switches to control their high tech, dynamic display AAC system. They are using one switch to ‘Scan’ through their choices, and another switch to ‘Select’ the message they desire. In this access method, the AAC user requires two switches in places that are easily accessed.
This is not an exhaustive list of access methods and systems but gives some insight into ‘Access methods.’ It is important to keep in mind that finding the right access method often takes trial and error, as well as time. So be patient and explore all options! It is important to take time for practice with different methods to see what the AAC user finds most accessible and comfortable.
Please reach out with any questions regarding access methods in AAC!
Alexis